VASCULAR ULCERS: WHAT ARE THEY?

Vascular ulcers are wounds that affect the venous, arterial or both parts of the leg. Venous vascular ulcers are generally caused by edema, which is an accumulation of fluid in the leg that prevents the supply of nutrients to the skin, thus producing a lesion. Arterial ulcers, on the other hand, are generally a consequence of the sudden closure of the blood vessel in the leg, which becomes responsible for the lack of nutrient supply to the surrounding tissue, leading to necrosis (tissue death) of the body part receiving blood from a certain artery.
The skin in the ulcer area often appears drier, with a brown colouration due to increased melanin. Such lesions can cause intense pain, leading those who experience them to a isabling condition, which is why the correct and timely treatment of these lesions is important for the recovery of the patient’s psychophysical well-being. Hematomas in leg lesions of various etiologies (trauma, prolonged compressions, etc.) give rise to circulation disorders. Pain is one of the first warning signs for the development of chronic venous ulcers.
Swelling of the leg skin, with a translucent appearance and subsequent presence of blisters, is another sign of the severity of such a lesion. Cold limb, inability to extend or flex the leg and toes, pain up to the knee.

Management of pain in patients with vascular ulcers
Pain is a symptom that heavily impacts the quality of life of patients with lower limb ulcers. It has always been a general opinion that pain was a discriminating element in the diagnosis of ulcers: absent or of little significance in ulcers of venous origin, present with varying degrees of intensity in other ulcers. Pain is, therefore, a discriminating element in the differential diagnosis of lower limb ulcers. In particular, its onset, exacerbations, or decrease with changes in limb position represent a discriminating factor in the diagnosis of such lesions.
In lesions of venous origin, pain is rather rare and of no significant intensity. When it is significantly present, it is determined by the infection of the ulcer. In identifying the bacterial species, antibiotic therapy is systemically associated with careful cleansing and the use of polyurethane foam dressings with silver for controlling bacterial load, allowing the resolution of infection and resulting in the progressive disappearance of pain. What to do in the presence of vascular ulcers?

The recommendations to follow in the presence of vascular ulcers are as follows:

  • Examine the feet daily for cracked skin, blisters, swelling, or redness
  • Report worsening symptoms, for example: decreased walking distance, pain at rest, pain at night, change
    in skin color
  • Keep the skin hydrated
  • Never walk barefoot
  • Use properly sized shoes (that do not rub or compress); be careful of any foreign objects inside the shoe
    that may cause injury
  • Do not smoke
  • Regularly perform exercises within tolerance and pain limits
  • In the presence of a non-healing ulcer, consult a vascular surgeon.

What is venous insufficiency?
The term “venous insufficiency” defines a pathological condition caused by a difficult return of venous blood to the heart. Venous insufficiency of the lower limbs initiates an increase in pressure in the capillaries, which leads to edema, generalized hypoxia, and lactic acidosis (excessive lactic acid in the blood). Organic venous insufficiency: caused by pathological alterations of the veins such as stasis dermatitis and deep venous thrombosis.
An overload of the veins, such as lymphedema and reduced mobility of the limbs causes functional venous insufficiency.

SYMPTOMS AND COMPLICATIONS
The severity of symptoms varies from individual to individual, depending on the severity of the VU.

  1. swollen ankles;
  2. cramps in the calves;
  3. edema of the involved limb;
  4. tingling in the legs;
  5. hyperpigmentation of the skin (e.g., purpura);
  6. thickening of the skin;
  7. heaviness in the legs;
  8. CUTANEOUS ULCERS, itching, and varicose veins.

THERE ARE MULTIPLE CAUSES:

  1. the condition is sometimes idiopathic (unknown);
  2. with vascular malformations and infections;
  3. ageing and reduced mobility;
  4. sitting or standing for prolonged periods;
  5. coagulopathies and genetically inherited hyperhomocysteinemia.

RISK FACTORS
Among the risk factors we recall:

  1. Hypertension;
  2. Obesity;
  3. Pregnancy;
  4. Assuming a static posture for a long time;
  5. Jobs involving orthostatic positions;
  6. Genetic predisposition;
  7. Smoking;
  8. Previous history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT);
  9. Female gender;
  10. Height: taller individuals are at higher risk of venous insufficiency

DIAGNOSIS consists of direct medical observation of the lesions and medical history, with possible Doppler ultrasound evaluation of vein functionality.

THERAPIES AND REMEDIES:

  1. Correction of dietary habits and lifestyle;
  2. Use of compression elastic stockings;
  3. Application of creams with capillotropic / protective action

MEDICATIONS:

  1. Anticoagulants;
  2. Phlebotonics;
  3. Profibrinolytics.

SURGICAL REMEDIES:

  1. Valvuloplasty;
  2. Radiofrequency ablation;
  3. Laser therapy.

In conclusion, when the system is altered in its balance, the valves do not guarantee proper blood circulation, and blood tends to accumulate in the veins, creating varicose veins and venous insufficiency. Fundamentally, 03Zone performs multiple aspects:

  1. Anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous action;
  2. Increase in the production of antioxidants and analgesic action;
  3. Azione antidolorifica;
  4. Increase in the production of metabolites responsible for OXYGEN TO TISSUES
    (hypoxia is one of the causes of VU)

USAGE INSTRUCTIONS:
O3ZONE SIZE 0 CAPSULES

  • 4 CAPSULES DAILY
    (2 in the morning and 2 in the evening)
    O3ZONE OIL
  • 1 APPLICATION DAILY
    (3-5 ml per day)

ADMINISTRATION METHOD:
ENTERIC-COATED CAPSULES FOR SYSTEMIC ORAL USE
OZONATED OIL FOR TOPICAL USE

TREATMENT DURATION:
3-6 MONTHS

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Pregnant women;
Internal and external bleeding;
Surgical procedures (suspend treatment 3 days before and resume 7-10 days after);
Hyperthyroidism;
G6PD deficiency (Favism).

TREATMENT OBJECTIVE:
The goal of the integrated treatment is to accelerate the healing processes in vascular ulcers.
Recommended as integrated therapy in: Vascular Ulcers.

Therapeutic activity of ozone in vascular pathologies:
The healing of skin ulcers is a dynamic and interactive process involving parenchymal cells, extracellular matrix, blood cells, and a variety of soluble mediators. Wound healing includes the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, matrix remodelling, and granulation tissue formation. Topical action with ozonated oil associated with systemic administration has allowed achieving a “restitutio ad integrum” of scar tissue remodelling in less time and without side effects.

Mechanisms of action and peculiarities of ozonated oil:

  • Lipid carrier: Intracellular action
  • Intracellular action: NRF2 activation
  • Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action
  • Topical and systemic treatment
  • Customization of the dose (safety and efficacy)
  • Stimolazione della neoangiogenesi